- Very rapid breeding rate (>4 times faster than native fish) results in rapid population growth once established.
- Severely impacts other fish species through egg predation and their vast consumption of plant life and invertebrates which alters natural ecosystem processes
- Carries a parasite, similar to, or possibly the same as, the disease called the ‘rosette agent' that is a threat to salmonids and cyprinids.
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- Escape from aquaria trade.
- Deliberate introduction as fish bait.
- Introduction of fish/water from contaminated area
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